City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn

Rating:
Summary: IT Revolution
Review: From the experience of history small, almost unnoticeable social phenomena, rather than radical movements at the foremost stage initiated most influential revolutions of our civilization. Small things like "Pulling glass" and "Address" are what William J Mitchell state as the indication of social and telecommunications evolution.

This book explains thoroughly how some telecommunications systems operate. For example, Electronic Mail System, Internet, Bulletin Board Systems and so forth.

Rating:
Summary: Repetitive rambling
Review: I found Mitchell's topic very interesting and approached the books with a lot of enthusiasm. However, in the end I found Mitchell's description disappointing. While he does note a few concrete changes he expects to come about in the urban landscape (e.g. buildings being less clearly distinguished in terms of the kinds of activities they contain, and perhaps a shift in the importance of the urban center as digital connectivity diminishes the emphasis on physical location) that were good starting points for a consideration of architecture in the digital age, the bulk of this book was characterized by repetitive speculation about the changes associated with the digital age (accounts that may have made more of an impact on his readers in 1995 when the book was first published, but today seem rather obvious or exagerated and tiresome to read) without really relating them to architecture in an insightful way. Mitchell's vague and speculative language distracted me from the few interesting points that he did make. Interesting topic, but Mitchell's treatment of it was not particularly satisfying.



Rating:
Summary: Stimulating and thought provoking
Review: I found William Mitchell's book, "City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn," to be innovative, insightful and thought provoking. (Heh, heh, I was immediately able to relate to Mitchell as he described his daily routine: check email, reply to email, check electronic newspapers, check the weather, repeat during free moments.) His text was a great opportunity to break out of the monotony and "routine-ness" of life and consider what is and what might be.

Although I might be using some of the same cyber-services and electronic-tech-toys as William Mitchell, I had never fully considered the impact that some technological advances could have on life. "Cyborg Citizens," the third chapter of Mitchell's text is an excellent example. I appreciated this chapter not just because it was quite thorough, but because of its balanced construction - it discussed both sides of the issue fairly.

On one side of the coin, an individual could be extremely stoked with advances in personal, medical technology and what's possible in the future. Mitchell writes, "Anticipate the moment at which all your personal electronic devices can seamlessly be linked in a wireless bodynet that allows them to function as an integrated system and connects them to the worldwide digital network." Consider the possibilities with Mitchell. Medical files and profiles would become immediately available to physicians and medical practitioners. Through advances in telemedicine technology the family physician could make a virtual house visit or a surgeon could perform a complex operation from thousands of miles away. Yet, there is another side to coin. Consider the following. What if the tiny, injectable microchips used to track wildlife and pets were injected into us? Where would the line be drawn? How would this affect our lifestyles and our privacy? True, there are some valid points that could be raised in support of this practice, but would we really want to trackable? Would we really want to be cataloged? Do we really want or even need a device that will let others know where we are and possibly what we are doing at any given moment? Who would have access to this information?

Overall, I really enjoyed the "City of Bits." As I mentioned earlier, William Mitchell's text was extremely insightful and thought provoking for me. He does an excellent job of presenting a fairly balanced view. Mitchell sums it up well. "Cyberspace is opening up, and the ruse to claim and settle is on. We are entering an era of electronically extended bodies living at the intersection points of the physical and virtual worlds, of occupation and interaction through telepresence as well as through physical presence."

Rating:
Summary: Space and place in cyberspace
Review: These are more a series of musings than a solid essay on the internet and architecture. It is definitely interesting, and it brings up many points that are currently being addressed or have been brought up in the years since the books publication. If it has a central theme, it is the question of how to construct space so as to accommodate the internet and technology.

Mitchell is intelligent and sometimes insightful, but the book meanders and there's not much to hang on to.

Rating:
Summary: Space and place in cyberspace
Review: These are more a series of musings than a solid essay on the internet and architecture. It is definitely interesting, and it brings up many points that are currently being addressed or have been brought up in the years since the books publication. If it has a central theme, it is the question of how to construct space so as to accommodate the internet and technology.

Mitchell is intelligent and sometimes insightful, but the book meanders and there's not much to hang on to.

Rating:
Summary: illustrative introduction to the bitsphere, telecom urbanism
Review: W.J. Mitchell writes a picturesque collection of future scenes reflecting the impact of the digital telecommunications revolution in "City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn". The book is an intellectual gallery of exhibits arranged among seven chapters, each consisting of a variety of short scenes of plausible architecture and urbanism. I am giving this work four stars for its eloquent writing style, historical research, and some ideas that are slightly rehashed or have a short-range perspective that provide only a limited look at the issues associated with the network technologies. I think that few books, however, could come close to the clarity and coverage of ideas in such a limited number of pages for the general reader. (I should qualify that I am reading this 1996-published book in 2002. Maybe if I read this book in 1996, I would have a very different perspective.)

Mitchell deploys a variety of metaphors that provide future scenes that parallel familiar existing scenes. Digital networks, for example, are said to be the post-industrial mines, field, and factories that we now report to. The 'Net, like the railroad which distributed farmers' products to market and consumers, is the medium for transferring raw bit materials from suppliers to manufacturers of information. In the bitsphere, meeting forums are now despatialized, disembodied, and dispersed with virtual addresses, aliases, and chameleon personas. As Mitchell suggests, these "electronic agoras" escape traditional measures of identity. Discrimination and marginalization, moreoever, evolves in new forms with the rise of digital hermits and new information and communication access structures, erected in the form of PKI, Kerberos, firewalls, etc. After laying out the metaphor of the new bitsphere upon the template of traditional urbanism, Mitchell explores the emergent outcomes of the information infrastructure. While distance communication is enhanced by new multi-model designs that increase interactivity well beyond traditional situated roles, for example, the dark side of technological advancement thrives in new resurrected forms such as lurking telepimps, telethugs, cyberpunks, and cybercriminals.

Mitchell reconceptualizes social practices from the perspective of a historian and futurist. There is much to be appreciated from the historian perspective, e.g. depiction of the evolution of ATMs, electronic forums, and little brother datasurveillance. The majority of the scenes are based upon existing or nearly existent technologies, suggesting plausible applications within the next five years. (Again the scenes might have been more impressive in 1996.) While some issues are highlighted, such as the advancement of cybercrimes associated with floating signifiers that replace physical cash, the book does not discuss adoption or diffusion of the technologies aside from issues of membership and marginalization. In this way, the book has a deterministic perspective, in which the technology is viewed as an enabler of change and only eludes, to some extent, to the social construction of the technologies. This book is not a collection of information about new technologies. Rather, City of Bits is a presentation of ideas that are compatible with the technological artifacts and their potential role in urbanism. I recommend the "City of Bits" as a quick ONCE-READ of great writing that may help to unlock the closed mind to the promises and issues of the electronically-mediated future comprised of ubiquitous intelligence- and telecommunication-enabled artifacts.

This review refers to the electronic version: http://mitpress.mit.edu/e-books/City_of_Bits/