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Class: A Guide Through the American Status System

Class: A Guide Through the American Status System

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Rating: 5 stars
Summary: A Curmudgeon Classic
Review: One hilarious, unforgettable romp through the enduring system and symbols of class in America. As Professor Fussell's "Class X," you can trust my objectivity about that. ;-)

Rating: 5 stars
Summary: American Version of J. Cooper's Class
Review: Utter truth thinly disguised as "humor". A similar book, "Class" by Jilly Cooper, is the british version of this book which preceeded Fussell's version. Fussell's book should be preferred to anyone living in America. While fussell borrows heavily the format and ideas from Cooper, nevertheless his concept of changing the scene to america and ripping apart human pretentiousness is effective. While he borrows some quotes from Cooper, he takes only the best.

Rating: 4 stars
Summary: Fussell's Paradox
Review: I first read "Class" in the mid 1980's, and the book remains memorable because of Paul Fussell's incisive, but often mean spirited wit. Fussell writes from the stereotypical Anglophilic perspective of a northeastern snob conditioned to denigrate ethnics, upward strivers, and technology. I believe that Fussell's 1983 book now seems dated, particularly since it has become evident that the old Anglo Saxon elite has been largely replaced by a meritocracy. In his chapter on higher education, Fussell emphasizes that upper middle class students tend to go to the good colleges, while proles and middles get relegated to dopey schools plagued by verbal inflation. While Fussell laments the emergence of many bad schools after World War II, he doesn't mention that during the 1950's and the 1960's, the ivies and near ivies focused more on recruiting kids who were smart, rather than merely rich. As a result, many students from prole and middle class backgrounds who happened to be highly intelligent (and often non-Anglo Saxon) acquired the cultural capital associated with the upper middle class. These new upward strivers who understood the cultural forms of both the upper and lower orders could not be dismissed as shallow arrivistes who lamely mimicked the elite. Rather, their rigorous educations combined with their experience of ethnic, working class cultures gave them a unique, energetic perspective, which they brought to the professions. Fussell's final chapter on the "X people"-- those who choose more "bohemian" paths-- seems more like an afterthought to his more dominant exurban, northeastern, and hopelessly preppy point of view. On the one hand, Fussell ultimately claims that the boundaries of class are escapable through creativity, nonconformity, and artistic achievement, yet for most of the book he makes a case for the superiority of WASP culture. Fussell's lack of awareness of this paradox is the book's major weakness, since, given his main argument, it seems unlikely that one could both support a rigid class system and reject it.

In the more recent "Bobos in Paradise" (2000), David Brooks argues that the new meritocratic elite has, in fact, synthesized a bourgeois sensibility with a bohemian one. Some readers may find the term "bourgeois bohemian" a troublesome oxymoron, especially if they believe that bourgeois capitalism and bohemian intellectualism simply don't mix. While time and space prevent a discussion of this valid point, Brooks makes a strong case that the meritocrats have appropriated the cultural perspective of bohemians or "X" people, as they also earn high salaries in bourgeois professions. "Bobos in Paradise" presents a more contemporary analysis of upper middle class tastes and values than Paul Fussell's "Class." Nonetheless, "Class" remains interesting and entertaining because of its exposure of a dying breed's social biases.

Rating: 5 stars
Summary: Reality Based
Review: Reading this book is like taking the Red Pill, you will never see society in the same way again, you will see it for what it really is.

The mark of a good book is one that challenges your assumptions and changes you. This book does just that. It will change you and/or confirm ideas you already had about classism in America.

A must read indeed.

Rating: 5 stars
Summary: Class
Review: Increadible Insight Class, by Paul Fussell, dealt with some of the visible and audible signs of social class. The visible signs discussed in Class include a person's house, lawn, driveway, car, clothing, weight, television, and eating and drinking habits. The audible sign of a person's social class is their speech. To many Americans, class in itself is deemed offensive. Socialists want one uniform class, while the middle class is extremely class sensitive, and while the upper classes love the topic of class. Commonly, the number of social classes is five: 1. Upper 2. Upper middle 3. Middle 4. Lower middle 5. Lower. Through his research, Paul Fussell has concluded that there are nine social classes starting from Top out-of-sight to Bottom out-of-sight. However he only ever discusses the three major classes in Class: Upper, Middle, and Lower (Prole). The appearance of a person is the first clue to their class. Paul Fussell has concluded that overweight people are usually of lower class. Clothing and clothing color, also expresses class. A scarf is considered upper class, simply because it is useless. A person wearing a white shirt and white pants can be considered to be upper class while a person wearing blue is thought to be middle class, and a person wearing purple is considered to be of lower class. Too much jewelry can also lower a person's class. Flashy jewelry represents middle to lower class, while simple, elegant jewelry represents the upper class. An upper class watch is very simple but the more the watch does, the more middle to lower class the watch becomes. Also, simple accessories such as neck ties and hats can raise or lower one's class. A necktie, is upper class while a bow tie, is lower class. Hats that have adjustable straps and brand names are lower class hats while simple, leather or white hats are upper class hats. A house's surroundings, accessories, and architecture represent a person's class. A driveway that is longer and the harder to find is upper class. Next, the way in which the number of the house is presented, can raise or lower class. A simple display of the numbers are considered by Paul Fussell to be middle to lower class. However, a house with the numbers spelled out represents upper class. A person's lawn also determines their class. The upper class will have trees in their lawn, the middle will have an immaculate lawn and the lower will have a discolored and unhealthy lawn. Also, the larger the windows the person has, the higher up they are on the class hierarchy. Paul Fussell, also describes how a television represents one's class. The lower class might have one or two small televisions, the middle will have five televisions, and the upper will hide their televisions. Paul Fussell, also explained the drinking habits of the classes. The lower class will drink beer, the middle will consume bourbon and ginger, and the upper will drink white wine or other light alcoholic beverages. The upper class will have a cocktail hour in which they drink and talk prior to the dinner. The middle and lower classes will simply have their drinks during dinner. The automobile also represents a person's class. The lower class drives dated Fords, Plymouths, Cheveys and Crystlers with bumper stickers stuck to the back of the car. The middle class drives new Fords, Plymouths, Cheveys, Crystlers, and S.U.V's. The upper class drives BMW's, Mercedes, and any other expensive car. The only audible reference to class made by Paul Fussell was that of a person's speech. A person's vocabulary is a marker of their class. The lower class will use expressions such as "Golly!" or "Oh my Lord!" The middle class speaks very intelligently using complex words every now and again. The upper class speaks with complex words continuously integrating them into their speech. Also, little variances in a person's speech can express their class. The upper class tend to use less syllables. When saying beautiful the upper use three syllables while the middle and lower use four. The names given to clothes by people also can represent their class. The upper class call a tuxedo a "formal dinner jacket," the middle call a tuxedo a "tuxedo", and the lower call a tuxedo a "tux" In conclusion, Paul Fussell discusses many aspects of class. After reading Class, one can easily judge their own social standing as well as the class of others. Class, correctly depicts the signs, symbols, and customs of the American class system. Thus, by describing what class is, Paul Fussell provides the reader with a description of America.

Rating: 4 stars
Summary: Good, though limited in some ways
Review: I read the first edition of "Class" and it seems to be a good guide to American class signals, though it is probably biased toward Northeastern white non-Jewish urban culture and a bit out of date. But I keep coming across examples of the paterns of behavior and status signals that Fussel describes.

Fussell occasionally seems to genuinely look down on the groups he is describing, as well as their class aspirations. By comparison, Jilly Cooper's "Class" seems to admit both her fascination with the English class system and her realization of its fundamental absurdity.

The most serious lack of the book is Fussell's definition of an "X group" that is supposedly outside of the class system. But having grown up in academia, it's quite clear to me that the X group is simply a parallel class system for the people who consider themselves "intellectuals", with class signs to show that one is an intellectual and class signs to differentiate sub-classes of the intellectual class. And it is not that Fussell does not understand these signs, because he describes them directly! See Tom Wolfe for more on this phenomenon.

It would be interesting if Fussell could give an account for the formation of the classes themselves and how the class signs arise, but that is probably not known. But since the class boundaries are more porous and less obvious in the US than elsewhere, it is very convenient to have a guide to making one's self over from one class to another.

Rating: 3 stars
Summary: Must-reading for the class clambering Middle
Review: I read snippets of Fussell's little tome as I made my way through theAtlas Mountains last year, and while I thought it wry and amusing, Ialso thought it a little too...earnest. I can only imagine this booktargets and succeeds with high proles and middles desirous of upwardmobility, because anyone of a higher station couldn't [care less]about some...college prof's notion of what constitutesclass in this country or any other.

So---Fussell's class taxonomyis pretty much spot-on, but the very writing of such a book as Classsuggests a lack thereof. .... My advice: stick to StanleyBing for studies in class skewering.

Rating: 2 stars
Summary: On the lame side
Review: If I were Jilly Cooper, I would have been rather upset with this book, which borrows exceedingly heavily from her book of the same title. Fussell quotes it extensively, borrowing much of the format and most of the ideas from her book, which predates his. If you want a book on class, get Cooper's, which was just released in a new edition. It's just as funny and not nearly as rude. Fussell says no class is better than another, but Cooper clearly believes it. One gets the impression that Fussell read Cooper's book and thought to himself "Gee, somebody should write one of these about the United States!" And did. But Cooper was first and better.

Rating: 3 stars
Summary: Oldrer,Wiser, Better Sense of Humour
Review: I first read this book when I was 15 and began categorizing everyone I knew. They were not amused, Reread at 22, vowed to be X, read again at 39, just laughed and recognized that my class (and the rest of me) has spread.

Rating: 5 stars
Summary: This book will Give You 'X-Ray Vision'.
Review: This is by far the most detailed and accurate assessment of the American class system. It is timeless as well as thorough. I now have an insight that allows me to see people as they really are, even through their posturing.

Upon finishing this book, you will find yourself assessing everyone you encounter and everyone you know. Especially yourself.

This book gives its readers a perfect understanding of America's status system, in an aggressive, concise, "in your face" style.

You will either love it or hate it. And if you hate it, that alone may speak volumes about you.


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