The Quest for Becket's Bones: The Mystery of the Relics of St. Thomas Becket of Canterbury

Rating:
Summary: Historical Facts Fashioned into an "Almost" Novel.
Review: "The Quest for Becket's Bones" by John Butler. Subtitled: "The Mystery of St. Thomas Becket of Canterbury" . Yale University Press, 1995.

St. Thomas a Becket opposed the actions of his king, Henry II, who "wished" that he was rid of that priest Some of Henry's knights dispatched Thomas in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. The burial place of St. Thomas a Becket then became a shrine that was the center of centuries of pilgrimages in England. When another Henry, i.e. Henry VIII, decided to break with the Church in Rome, he made St. Thomas Becket an object lesson. On page 117, the author, John Butler, records that Henry VIII viewed Thomas Becket as a "rebel" who fled to France and to the bishop of Rome "...to procure the abrogation of wholesome laws". King Henry VIII ordered the "plucking down " of the pictures of St. Thomas Becket and that Becket would not be considered a saint "...throughout the realm". An example of this pettiness, this meanness, is portrayed on page 118, where the painting of St. Thomas Becket has been scratched out completely. This becomes the central theme of the book: were the Commissioners of Henry VIII so mean as to be able to disinter the bones of St. Thomas Becket and burn them? On page 119, the author quotes that " ...the Pope 'announced the new cruelty and impiety of the King of England, who commanded the body of St Thomas of Canterbury to be burnt and the ashes scattered to the winds". The Commissioner who supposedly ordered the ashes to be fired from a cannon was Thomas Cromwell. Interestingly, the author does not name the Pope, as usually done in historical works; it was Pope Paul III, (reigned from 1534 to 1549). Also interestingly, in this present age of restitution, reparation and restoration, this book makes no mention of the move to restore to Roman Catholics the riches, the land and the churches stolen from Catholics in 1500s.

If the bones were not burnt, were they later discovered (1888) in the place in Canterbury especially identified with Thomas Becket? You will have to read the book to find the answer to that. John Butler has taken historical facts and worked them into a book which reads like a mystery novel. His final chapter is a summary of the possibilities of what happen to the Becket's bones. You, as the reader, can pick the most plausible solution to this mystery.

Rating:
Summary: Historical Facts Fashioned into an "Almost" Novel.
Review: "The Quest for Becket's Bones" by John Butler. Subtitled: "The Mystery of St. Thomas Becket of Canterbury" . Yale University Press, 1995.

St. Thomas a Becket opposed the actions of his king, Henry II, who "wished" that he was rid of that priest Some of Henry's knights dispatched Thomas in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. The burial place of St. Thomas a Becket then became a shrine that was the center of centuries of pilgrimages in England. When another Henry, i.e. Henry VIII, decided to break with the Church in Rome, he made St. Thomas Becket an object lesson. On page 117, the author, John Butler, records that Henry VIII viewed Thomas Becket as a "rebel" who fled to France and to the bishop of Rome "...to procure the abrogation of wholesome laws". King Henry VIII ordered the "plucking down " of the pictures of St. Thomas Becket and that Becket would not be considered a saint "...throughout the realm". An example of this pettiness, this meanness, is portrayed on page 118, where the painting of St. Thomas Becket has been scratched out completely. This becomes the central theme of the book: were the Commissioners of Henry VIII so mean as to be able to disinter the bones of St. Thomas Becket and burn them? On page 119, the author quotes that " ...the Pope 'announced the new cruelty and impiety of the King of England, who commanded the body of St Thomas of Canterbury to be burnt and the ashes scattered to the winds". The Commissioner who supposedly ordered the ashes to be fired from a cannon was Thomas Cromwell. Interestingly, the author does not name the Pope, as usually done in historical works; it was Pope Paul III, (reigned from 1534 to 1549). Also interestingly, in this present age of restitution, reparation and restoration, this book makes no mention of the move to restore to Roman Catholics the riches, the land and the churches stolen from Catholics in 1500s.

If the bones were not burnt, were they later discovered (1888) in the place in Canterbury especially identified with Thomas Becket? You will have to read the book to find the answer to that. John Butler has taken historical facts and worked them into a book which reads like a mystery novel. His final chapter is a summary of the possibilities of what happen to the Becket's bones. You, as the reader, can pick the most plausible solution to this mystery.

Rating:
Summary: the mystery remains
Review: Always fascinated by Becket's story, I eagerly began this book hoping to discover a definitive solution to the mystery of the whereabouts of his vanished bones. I didn't find the answer (probably too much to hope for), but the book does provide a thorough compilation of the possibilities. Butler's style is smooth and readable, and he does a commendable, objective job of analyzing the facts. To his credit, he does not try to "sell" his own ideas on which of the scenarios is most likely. A worthwhile study of one of history's enduring mysteries.

Rating:
Summary: A formidable treatment of an utterly fascinating mystery
Review: Until now, all I knew about Thomas Becket was that he, the Archbishop of Canterbury, was killed by several of Henry II's knights, and the only real mystery was whether or not Henry actually meant the words literally when he expressed a desire to have Becket taken care of. This is an utterly fascinating book, replete with images of the Canterbury Cathedral and vintage art pieces depicting the murder of Becket. The text itself is well-written, impeccably organized, and never dull for one moment. As it turns out, Becket's murder was just the beginning of the story, one that imparts much insight into the history of England itself.

History tells us that Becket, a good friend of Henry II before becoming Archbishop of Canterbury, was talked into returning from exile in France only to be brutally murdered soon thereafter, in December 1170, in Canterbury Cathedral itself by four knights of the king. He sustained serious head wounds, and one of his murderers even pried out some portion of his brain and scattered it upon the floor. The next day, his body was buried in a marble or stone coffin in the Chapel of the Holy Trinity at the eastern end of the crypt; while the body was moved temporarily at least once to guard against theft, Becket's relics basically remained in this spot for the next fifty years. In 1220, the relics were moved to a shrine in the Trinity Chapel, and pilgrims came in droves to see the holy relics and to seek miraculous cures (and there apparently were some). Then came Henry VIII and the Reformation. In 1538, he ordered all religious shrines and relics destroyed, including (and especially) Thomas Becket's relics, at the hands of the Royal Commissioners for the Destruction of Shrines. Conventional wisdom said the sacred bones were burned and scattered in the wind, and the outcry of Roman Catholics throughout Europe at this perfidious action echoes still today. And so Thomas Becket's tragic story ended.

Then, in 1881, workers discovered a skeleton in the eastern crypt of the Cathedral; buried only a few inches below the ground, it lay in close proximity to the site of Becket's original resting place. Suddenly, the true fate of Becket's relics was in serious question; this was still an important issue in England as well as Europe, as the Roman Catholic - Anglican conflict still simmered if not verily seethed at the time (and Becket is historically the most venerable of the Roman Catholic saints of England, which is exactly why Henry VIII tried to erase him from history). The skeleton was arranged in a special way, and it was determined that the newly discovered body was that of a man somewhere around Becket's age who died of serious head wounds. Even as the remains were returned to the crypt, experts soon lined up on both sides of "the Becket hypothesis." In 1949, the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury had the bones exhumed once again and more advanced scientific tests were performed on them - the results of these tests quieted debate, but there continued to be individuals who insisted that the bones either were Becket's or were somehow related to Becket's relics.

Butler does a wonderful job presenting the history and controversy in a well-balanced manner, taking us carefully from 1170 up to the present. Since the vast majority of the story revolved around the bones discovered in 1881, it did come as something of a surprise two-thirds of the way into the book to learn that a 1951 report essentially proved the bones in the crypt were not Becket's, but this revelation did little to slow down the narrative; in fact, the surprising results of the 1951 study (of the bones from the crypt) only deepened the mystery. In the end, Butler basically ends up where he started, but that's okay. He has, in the meantime, made a convincing argument to the effect that there is no direct, contemporary evidence that the Canterbury Commissioners burned the bones removed from the shrine of St. Thomas in 1538. He closes by comparing and contrasting the five basic hypotheses that can be drawn from the evidence - while he names several other suggested burial sites for Becket's bones, he does not champion a gut theory of his own, and that makes for a most refreshing conclusion to the book. The mystery as to what really happened to Becket's bones (as well as the question of whose skeleton was discovered in the crypt in 1881) makes for a fascinating story sure to keep the inquisitive reader's mind engaged from start to finish.