Thomas More: A Biography

Rating:
Summary: Excellent, complex bio of an excellent, complex man.
Review: Among the several recent More biographers, Marius is the best qualified, having served as an editor of the Yale Complete Works of Saint Thomas More. More was an exceedingly complex person whose personality is very, very difficult to capture. Of the three serious biographies of More written in the last 20 years (by Alistair Fox, Marius, and Peter Ackroyd) I found Marius's biography the most rewarding.



More remains a controversial figure: to Catholics he is a Saint, the patron saint of politicians and statemen. But then again, he was an enthusiastic prosecutor of heretics: more than 30 were burned under More's authority as Chancellor of England. The idea that the brilliant, virtuous More (now frozen in the form of Paul Scofield) could have done this is repellant to some. I believe this accounts for the bile heaped on Marius's book by some reviewers here. Frankly, criticisms of Marius's SCHOLARSHIP are just ridiculous; they say more about the commentor than the subject.

That said, Marius's bio is not perfect. It has ideas and makes excellent connections; but I found that reading all three of these bios gave me a better sense of Thomas More than any one. Yet as in Rashomon, just when one thinks one has the missing piece needed to know More, one gets the annoying sense that the pieces do not quite fit and one despairs of ever knowing him. He is that deep.



Still, if one will read only one More bio, I say read Marius's. (Unless, that is, you are looking for outright hagiography -- in which case, read Monti's book.)

Rating:
Summary: Marius doesn't "know" More
Review: As an avid More fan (I have a Holbien print of More in my office), I devoured this book when it first came out in the mid 1980's. The author obviously has a tremendous grasp of the details of More's life and presents those details with all the complexity of the man and his times. Near the end of his book, Marius tips his hand showing that for all his mastery of fact, he doesn't and cannot know Thomas More. A few pages from the end of the book, Marius writes, "[s]till, we are left with the most puzzling question of all: what kind of man chooses to die for his faith?... [P]eople like Thomas More, refusing to save his life by speaking a few words, remain as mysterious to us as suicides are to those who love life and hate the thought of giving it up." Marius can't really know More (or the principles guiding More's life and death) if he can't understand putting eternity above temporal life. Why spend time reading a biography by someone who fails to understand the fundamental point of his subjects life?

Rating:
Summary: "Wonderful Portrait of Sir Thomas More"
Review: In this work Marius depicts Thomas More as an individual who remained within the confines of London his whole life, while his influence spread abroad like wild-fire. A gentleman caught between the priesthood and matrimony. A scholar who spent myriads of time defending the faith he held to be sacred and unchangeable.

He also portrays Thomas More as a lawman with a particular zeal for purging away heresy. A nobleman raised to the hieghts of loyalism, and to the depths of imprisionment. A martyr who chose the sword as a symbol of pure faith to the Roman Church.

Richard Marius' exhaustive research reflects his genius in encapsulating history. He does an excellent job of filling the gaps and obscurities that linger around the life and times of Thomas More. I found this book to be consistent, in-depth, and highly informative. This book is pleasent to read, and never hits any dull or bumpy spots. Highly recommended; I also recommend Marius' biograhpy on Martin Luther, "A Christian Between God and Death."

Rating:
Summary: Still the best biography of Thomas More
Review: Marius presents More "worts and all" and he certainly did have some worts by moderern standards, such as advocating the burning of heretics. But as John Adams said, facts are stuborn things. More wrote and did things of which we cannot approve--as well as a great many things of immortal value. Unlike us, those in times past were frequently wrong and misguided. We must learn to admire More (and any other historical personage, such as Jefferson) despite their flaws.

Marius presents More in the intellectual context of the day. The reader will learn as much about the Reformation as More, and you will learn More than in all the other biographies combined.

By no means do I agree with all of Marius's judgements, but he gives you the facts and you can think for yourself. No More can a serious biogapher do.

Rating:
Summary: If you like a little speculation and introspection....
Review: Marius' biography of Thomas More is excellent. His scholarship is first-rate, his writing superb. The author is very knowledgeable, not only of the man, and his times, but of the often confusing theological issues of the era. I find Marius' ability to convey these theological issues, both accurately and simply, to be second to none. Over-all this work is a great read. It presents Thomas More to us in such a way as to see inside of the man as no other author will probably ever be able to. Marius is as unbiased as is posible in his presentation of More and his struggles, and he is as honest regarding those problems of faith and doubt regarding religious matters (which More, Luther, and all of us have) as anyone I have ever read.

Rating:
Summary: Not a work of high scholarship
Review: This biography often reads more like a novel. Although Marius can lay a claim to scholarship as the editor of More's Collected Works at Yale, his writings on historical figures lack for objectivity and attention to avoiding basic prejudices and popular suppositions.

Louis Martz, the great More scholar at Yale, was moved to write a "defense" of More's humanism and some of the basic facts of More's life, commonly known to all More scholars, subsequent to Marius' biography.

What is interesting is that Marius is equally poor is writing about Martin Luther, one of More's literary adversaries. So much so that in the recent reviews of the Luther biography, Marius is accused of the "catholic" view of Luther, when in fact Marius is a protestant.

I believe that the trouble arises when one does not stick to the scholarship and the facts, and allows oneself to put in imaginary thoughts and conversation and personal biases. Then you just have a work of fiction.

Better to stick to a readable and sound biography such as that of Peter Ackroyd.

Rating:
Summary: A worthy biography of Sir Thomas More
Review: This is a detailed, well-researched and thouroughly conventional biography of the life of Thomas More, Lord Chancellor under Henry VIII, Catholic apologist and saint, man of letters, London lawyer and model father.

In painting More's portrait, Richard Marius not only describes all aspects of his busy life, including his family life, but also strives to make us acquainted with some of the prominent figures of the time. Erasmus receives special attention and both his works and the correspondence between him and More is treated at great length. Luther is another important character, along with other Reformation figures.

The author describes meticulously the content of More's main works starting with his account of the life of Richard III and ending with the treatise on death he wrote when he was imprisoned in the Tower. Each book is analysed in depth both as to its philosophical, theological and political import and as a reflection of More's character and beliefs. In fact, the discussion of More's literary production takes up about half the book, so that "Thomas More: A Biography" could appropriately be renamed "Thomas More's Literary Career".

Another reviewer has torn into this biography, accusing Marius of "deconstructionism". At first I found that Marius's view of Thomas More was surprisingly free of many modern prejudices. Let us not forget that More is a man who should be thouroughly repellent to any liberal scholar: he persecuted heretics relentlessly. He seemes to have been what we now call a religious fanatic, a XVIth century version of Khomeini.

Now, except for the odd passage, there are no such cynical or condescending remarks as one often finds under the pen of many modern historians when discussing the Middle Ages or Catholicism in this biography. Sometimes I even suspected that Marius might be a crypto-Catholic, for he shows more than disinterested objectivity in his treatment of the causes that More passionately espoused. Sometimes he even vents his repulsion for some Protestant doctrines or the behavior of More's adversaries, describing for example the King at the time of his infatuation with Anne Boleyn as "a boar in rut" and the woman herself as "a strumpet".

But when I finished the book I was struck by the fact that it had left in my mind a rather negative image of Sir Thomas More. In any case, I didn't think he deserved to be considered as a saint by the Church. In his depiction of him, Marius seems to focus more on the somber aspects of his personality and he certainly doesn't dwell on the likeable or admirable ones.He goes even so far as to compare him with the hateful Torquemada.

Marius provides a general psychological explanation for More's course of action. It is not specially far-fetched or outrageous, just slightly Freudian: More, says Marius, was obsessed with death and fought against his own sexual drives, traits which were common enough among his contemporaries. Fortunately, Marius does not dwell heavily on his psychological theories and when he does attempt an explanation, refrains from using any pseudo-pschoanalytic jargon.

"Thomas More: A Biography" is specially valuable for the light it throws on the doctrinal issues that were at the center of the Reformation and I gained many an insight from Marius'clear and profound reflections. The only thing which I found lacking is a detailed description of political events, economic life(More lived in an age of three-digit inflation!)civilization and daily life in 16th century England but then the book might easily have been twice as long. To put it briefly, this biography is more a discussion of ideas than of events, which is understandable since More was a rather second-rate political figure (at least this is how he appears in this work).

What one will not find either in this book is evocative descriptions of XVIth century London or of King Henry's court. You will not be apprised here of the name of More's dog or find a description of the furniture of his house. Marius doesn't try to recreate the age with a wealth of details: he focuses on More, his books, and on the religious issues and controversies of the time.

The book is long and does contain a few lengthy and dull passages, especially in the beginning and when Marius goes in great detail into More's books and correspondence but the narrative gets more and more interesting toward the end. One aspect of the book which I found confusing is the author's inability to tell us what was the real state of public opinion in More's time. He often says that the English people were fiercely anticlerical but also states that they were overwhelmingly for Catherine of Aragon and against the Henry's divorce. To me this seems to be a blatant contradiction. Apparently, Marius has failed to make a distinction between the intelligentsia and the popular classes and between London and the rest of the country.

All in all, I still think that this is a worthy book. I don't think Marius could have been more sympathetic to More without sounding as a Catholic hagiographer. In addition to it and for people who want a more Catholic view of the period, I recommend Hilaire Belloc's books on the Reformation. People interested in a scholarly work about English Catholicism at the time of Thomas More should read The Stripping of the Altars.

Rating:
Summary: Biography as novel
Review: This is biography of Thomas More lacks scholarship, and contains a surprising number of passages in which Marius shows his lack of depth as an objective scholar with a broad range of learning in this field.

Do yourself a favor and read Peter Ackroyd's book.

Rating:
Summary: Readable and fair
Review: Thomas More is mainly of interest to Catholic historians he was made a saint in the 19th century some three hundred years after he died. He briefly became a broader symbol of civic courage due to the success of Robert Bolts play a Man for all Seasons. For some years Bolts play was on school syllabuses and it was also made into two films. Nowadays Bolts play comes across as somewhat dated and More has drifted into obscurity.

The writer of this book is a Catholic and is sympathetic to Moore. Never the less his work is one of the better written as he looks at the warts as well as the virtues of his hero. More was and important political figure being a Member of Parliament and the Chancellor in the Government of Henry the Eighth.

During his time of power he was involved in the persecution of religious dissent and was responsible for preventing the importation of bible into England.( At the time it was also illegal for people to read the bible in English.) Some writers have suggested that Moore had instruments of torture in his house and oversaw personally the examination under torture of some Lutherans. Moore also wrote extensively condemning religious dissent and these writings evidence a passion that almost suggested an unbalanced mind. Marius discusses these issues which have been put in the background by other writers and were not mentioned in Bolts play.

His discussion of the trial and scandal over the death of Richard Hunne is first class. Richard Hunne was a dissenter who took court action to prevent the payment of a church tax. He was arrested by a Catholic bishop and died in circumstances which suggested that he had been murdered. At the time the death was the talk of London and created tremendous sympathy for the dissenters. Moore in his writings attempted to cover up the incident and it is to Marius's credit and integrity as an author that he shows that this was little more than propaganda.

Marius never the less admires Moores decision not to take the oath of royal supremacy. It was this that led to his death. Despite this the book is one of the finest and most thought provoking lives of Moore.