Witness

Rating:
Summary: For all time
Review: In every age, there are people who experience life at the fulcrum. The bend and turn of history cross the arc of their lives. Frequently, because they are able and talented, these central people are capable of more than just historical action; they are capable of understanding and recording their experience in the larger context of the era. Whittaker Chambers is a man whose experience is inseparable from the 20th century. One thousand years from now, if books are read, Whittaker Chambers' WITNESS will be an account that matters. The account of what? The account of an idea, hopefully forgotten, which historians will call the Communist error. In that error, millions of men and women are forever entombed. In WITNESS, nothing is entombed. The force of life, the force of liberty, the eternal growth of honesty and understanding live. Is WITNESS perhaps wrought and overstuffed? Oh hell yeah. This is literature.

Rating:
Summary: An Important Piece Of American History
Review: It is sad but true that a large portion of young Americans--even many with college degrees--probably have no idea who Whitaker Chambers was. Indeed, numerous conservatives likely know the name only as belonging to someone who was anti-communist but would be unable to provide more than vague generalities on his life and accomplishments.

Ann Coulter helped rectify this unfortunate development last year with the publication of her mega-bestseller "Slander". Her trenchant exploration of twentieth century communism and the unbridled invective hurled against those who dared to oppose the murderous ideology introduced Chambers to a whole new generation. In interviews she has often stated that his autobiography Witness is one of the absolute-must reads for conservatives and an important title for all students of American history.

As someone whose knowledge of Alger Hiss' nemesis was lacking, I decide to follow the sapient blonde's advice and picked up a copy of the 800-page memoir. I now second Miss Coulter's call; Witness is a moving and educational read. The extent to which communists infiltrated the United States Government in pre-World War days is frightening both in its scope and in the fact that today few Americans appreciate just how serious actual security breaches were. Chambers was well-qualified to address the magnitude of the red threat because for more than a decade he was a part of the menace. As a committed fellow traveler, he hobnobbed in all the right (left?) circles. So powerful was the communist structure within our nation that when he eventually grew disillusioned and abandoned the atheistic dead end, he firmly believed that he was "leaving the wining world for the losing world."

Among the most striking features of the communist organization he exposed was its massive bureaucratic nature. Within the clandestine cabal there was an "underground" so completely sequestered from the regular communists that few committed adherents knew who was who in the parallel penumbras. Additionally, the labyrinthine steps taken to maintain secrecy are almost laughable. Chambers' talks about never learning addresses to places he regularly visited for years; rather he knew to get there by landmarks and neighborhoods. This was a precaution in case of capture--unknown information could not be provided to the authorities. Furthermore, Chambers relates cumbersome machinations for all his assignments; yet his endeavors to deliver "plans" or meet ever-changing, ephemeral "contacts" seem like little more than wheel-spinning busy work. It is no wonder that conspiracy theories abound among modern day leftists--the direct descendants of the very group that perfected the art.

Many of Chambers' observations are as suitable to the early 21st century as they were in the 1940s. A cavalier attitude toward abortion permeated communists. As soon as his first child was conceived Chambers and his wife readily conceded that abortion was their only option, but when faced with the reality of their circumstance, the innate bond of parenthood trumped the dictates of good communists. Mrs. Chambers informed her husband, "we couldn't do that awful thing to a little baby," a demand that he whole-heartedly accepted.

Considering that Chambers' communist days predated the formation of Israel, his asides on that issue truly show how much things have remained the same. He writes "Arab outrages were occurring in Palestine; the Communist International chose that moment to call for the formation of a "Soviet Arabism" to attack the Zionists." He also talks about how pure communism demanded its followers' ideologies remain and in an earlier incarnation of Hillary's Clinton's dreaded "right wing conspiracy," he sites numerous expulsions due to "rightwing deviationism." Even the problem of illegal immigration is shown to not be an entirely new phenomenon. At least one German communist contact is described as "probably in the United States illegally."

One situation that has changed radically concerns Chambers successful post-Communist career at Time. It is not newsmagazine today.

Beyond the important political tale Chambers tells, his personal story proves inspirational too. Born into a badly dysfunctional home (his only brother committed suicide, his parents lived in the same house without communicating for years), the lost soul was easy prey to the false promises of communist utopia. Marrying a left-leaner and starting a family as an avowed red forced him to confront reality, and his transformation to conservative Christian was painful and controversial but ultimately redemptive.

His celebrated accusations against Alger Hiss stripped away his family's privacy and provoked piles of scorn upon his name (think Linda Tripp, Ken Starr, Miquel Estrada, Clarence Thomas, etc.) With the release of KGB files a few years ago Alger Hiss' guilt was proven anew, yet some influential voices still argue the traitor's innocence. As quoted in Robert Novak's newly added introduction, upon Hiss' 1996 death liberals from President Clinton's National Security Adviser Anthony Lake to Peter Jennings spoke of the charges against Hiss as either false or unsubstantiated. The incontrovertible record tells a different story, and Witness lays out the facts in perhaps a more engrossing and chilling way than any other source. Ann Coulter's Slander makes for an engaging and stimulating read, but Whittaker Chambers eloquently gives the full story in his own words.

Rating:
Summary: An Important Piece Of American History
Review: It is sad but true that a large portion of young Americans--even many with college degrees--probably have no idea who Whitaker Chambers was. Indeed, numerous conservatives likely know the name only as belonging to someone who was anti-communist but would be unable to provide more than vague generalities on his life and accomplishments.

Ann Coulter helped rectify this unfortunate development last year with the publication of her mega-bestseller "Slander". Her trenchant exploration of twentieth century communism and the unbridled invective hurled against those who dared to oppose the murderous ideology introduced Chambers to a whole new generation. In interviews she has often stated that his autobiography Witness is one of the absolute-must reads for conservatives and an important title for all students of American history.

As someone whose knowledge of Alger Hiss' nemesis was lacking, I decide to follow the sapient blonde's advice and picked up a copy of the 800-page memoir. I now second Miss Coulter's call; Witness is a moving and educational read. The extent to which communists infiltrated the United States Government in pre-World War days is frightening both in its scope and in the fact that today few Americans appreciate just how serious actual security breaches were. Chambers was well-qualified to address the magnitude of the red threat because for more than a decade he was a part of the menace. As a committed fellow traveler, he hobnobbed in all the right (left?) circles. So powerful was the communist structure within our nation that when he eventually grew disillusioned and abandoned the atheistic dead end, he firmly believed that he was "leaving the wining world for the losing world."

Among the most striking features of the communist organization he exposed was its massive bureaucratic nature. Within the clandestine cabal there was an "underground" so completely sequestered from the regular communists that few committed adherents knew who was who in the parallel penumbras. Additionally, the labyrinthine steps taken to maintain secrecy are almost laughable. Chambers' talks about never learning addresses to places he regularly visited for years; rather he knew to get there by landmarks and neighborhoods. This was a precaution in case of capture--unknown information could not be provided to the authorities. Furthermore, Chambers relates cumbersome machinations for all his assignments; yet his endeavors to deliver "plans" or meet ever-changing, ephemeral "contacts" seem like little more than wheel-spinning busy work. It is no wonder that conspiracy theories abound among modern day leftists--the direct descendants of the very group that perfected the art.

Many of Chambers' observations are as suitable to the early 21st century as they were in the 1940s. A cavalier attitude toward abortion permeated communists. As soon as his first child was conceived Chambers and his wife readily conceded that abortion was their only option, but when faced with the reality of their circumstance, the innate bond of parenthood trumped the dictates of good communists. Mrs. Chambers informed her husband, "we couldn't do that awful thing to a little baby," a demand that he whole-heartedly accepted.

Considering that Chambers' communist days predated the formation of Israel, his asides on that issue truly show how much things have remained the same. He writes "Arab outrages were occurring in Palestine; the Communist International chose that moment to call for the formation of a "Soviet Arabism" to attack the Zionists." He also talks about how pure communism demanded its followers' ideologies remain and in an earlier incarnation of Hillary's Clinton's dreaded "right wing conspiracy," he sites numerous expulsions due to "rightwing deviationism." Even the problem of illegal immigration is shown to not be an entirely new phenomenon. At least one German communist contact is described as "probably in the United States illegally."

One situation that has changed radically concerns Chambers successful post-Communist career at Time. It is not newsmagazine today.

Beyond the important political tale Chambers tells, his personal story proves inspirational too. Born into a badly dysfunctional home (his only brother committed suicide, his parents lived in the same house without communicating for years), the lost soul was easy prey to the false promises of communist utopia. Marrying a left-leaner and starting a family as an avowed red forced him to confront reality, and his transformation to conservative Christian was painful and controversial but ultimately redemptive.

His celebrated accusations against Alger Hiss stripped away his family's privacy and provoked piles of scorn upon his name (think Linda Tripp, Ken Starr, Miquel Estrada, Clarence Thomas, etc.) With the release of KGB files a few years ago Alger Hiss' guilt was proven anew, yet some influential voices still argue the traitor's innocence. As quoted in Robert Novak's newly added introduction, upon Hiss' 1996 death liberals from President Clinton's National Security Adviser Anthony Lake to Peter Jennings spoke of the charges against Hiss as either false or unsubstantiated. The incontrovertible record tells a different story, and Witness lays out the facts in perhaps a more engrossing and chilling way than any other source. Ann Coulter's Slander makes for an engaging and stimulating read, but Whittaker Chambers eloquently gives the full story in his own words.

Rating:
Summary: Time to accept the painful truth
Review: It's only after the cold war that we can accept the threatening truth of "Witness". There was a massive spy network in place in the United States. Many of our best and brightest worked to subvert the American democracy and Constitution. Any objective look at history now shows that Alger Hiss was guilty just as the Rosenbergs were.

But there's a deeper message behind "Witness". Chambers wants us to know that the Cold War wasn't about the conflict between faith and no faith. It was about a war between two faiths, both deeply held. Chambers ultimately opted for Christianity over Communism because he became aware of the evil the latter inevitably produced. He gave the reason one of his acquaintances gave up the Communist faith. It was simple and moving: He heard screams.

Read this book and appreciative the moving genius of Whittaker Chambers.

Rating:
Summary: Time to accept the painful truth
Review: It's only after the cold war that we can accept the threatening truth of "Witness". There was a massive spy network in place in the United States. Many of our best and brightest worked to subvert the American democracy and Constitution. Any objective look at history now shows that Alger Hiss was guilty just as the Rosenbergs were.

But there's a deeper message behind "Witness". Chambers wants us to know that the Cold War wasn't about the conflict between faith and no faith. It was about a war between two faiths, both deeply held. Chambers ultimately opted for Christianity over Communism because he became aware of the evil the latter inevitably produced. He gave the reason one of his acquaintances gave up the Communist faith. It was simple and moving: He heard screams.

Read this book and appreciative the moving genius of Whittaker Chambers.

Rating:
Summary: the book of the century
Review: It's unfortunate that the Left is so earnest and humorless, otherwise they might be able to enjoy the immense irony of the lofty position held by Whittaker Chambers in the Right's pantheon of 20th century heroes. I mean think about it for a second, Chambers, who spent half his life as a bisexual Communist spy, was also a leading light of TIME and the National Review, a friend of Richard Nixon and William F. Buckley, was awarded a posthumous Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan, and made many conservatives' end-of-century lists, both for this memoir and for his personal influence. That's a fairly interesting resume by anyone's standards.

Chambers would be a heroic figure to the Right even if he had done nothing else but to accuse Alger Hiss of being a Communist spy. This action, so divisive that it still echoes through our politics today, helped to define the Cold War era, forcing people to choose sides--between anti-Communists, on the one side and communists, communist sympathizers and fellow travelers, and Anti-Anti-Communists on the other--and in turn hardening the lines between the sides as the nation headed into a period of prolonged cultural civil war, from which we have still not truly emerged.

But Chambers did not merely attack one man. With his memoir Witness he declared war on Communism and the Soviet Union and explained in no uncertain terms just what the struggle was about--what was at stake, the methods that the other side was using, and the seriousness of purpose which would be required to defeat them--and at the same time he told a life story which somehow managed to unite nearly all of the themes of modernity in one gloriously messy tale of personal degradation and desperation, followed by political and religious redemption and salvation. And to top it all off, not only does the story have all of the elements of a thriller and a courtroom drama, the author just happens to write brilliantly.

Chambers starts the book out with a forward in the form of a letter to his children (available on-line and well worth checking out) which seeks to explain why the book is necessary and why their father gained such notoriety in the first place. It is worth quoting a largish chunk :

Beloved Children,

I am sitting in the kitchen of the little house at Medfield, our second farm which is cut off by the ridge and a quarter-mile across the fields from our home place, where you are. I am writing a book. In it I am speaking to you. But I am also speaking to the world. To both I owe an accounting.

It is a terrible book. It is terrible in what it tells about men. If anything, it is more terrible in what it tells about the world in which you live. It is about what the world calls the Hiss-Chambers Case, or even more simply, the Hiss Case. It is about a spy case. All the props of an espionage case are there--foreign agents, household traitors, stolen documents, microfilm, furtive meetings, secret hideaways, phony names, an informer, investigations, trials, official justice.

But if the Hiss Case were only this, it would not be worth my writing about or your reading about. It would be another fat folder in the sad files of the police, another crime drama in which the props would be mistaken for the play (as many people have consistently mistaken them). It would not be what alone gave it meaning, what the mass of men and women instinctively sensed it to be, often without quite knowing why. It would not be what, at the very beginning, I was moved to call it: "a tragedy of history."

For it was more than human tragedy. Much more than Alger Hiss or Whittaker Chambers was on trial in the trials of Alger Hiss. Two faiths were on trial. Human societies, like human beings, live by faith and die when faith dies. At issue in the Hiss Case was the question whether this sick society, which we call Western civilization, could in its extremity still cast up a man whose faith in it was so great that he would voluntarily abandon those things which men hold good, including life, to defend it. At issue was the question whether this man's faith could prevail against a man whose equal faith it was that this society is sick beyond saving, and that mercy itself pleads for its swift extinction and replacement by another. At issue was the question whether, in the desperately divided society, there still remained the will to recognize the issues in time to offset the immense rally of public power to distort and pervert the facts.

At heart, the Great Case was this critical conflict of faiths; that is why it was a great case. On a scale personal enough to be felt by all, but big enough to be symbolic, the two irreconcilable faiths of our time--Communism and Freedom--came to grips in the persons of two conscious and resolute men. Indeed, it would have been hard, in a world still only dimly aware of what the conflict is about, to find two other men who knew so clearly. Both had been schooled in the same view of history (the Marxist view). Both were trained by the same party in the same selfless, semisoldierly discipline. Neither would nor could yield without betraying, not himself, but his faith; and the different character of these faiths was shown by the different conduct of the two men toward each other throughout the struggle. For, with dark certitude, both knew, almost from the beginning, that the Great Case could end only in the destruction of one or both of the contending figures, just as the history of our times (both men had been taught) can end only in the destruction of one or both of the contending forces.

But this destruction is not the tragedy. The nature of tragedy is itself misunderstood. Part of the world supposes that the tragedy in the Hiss Case lies in the acts of disloyalty revealed. Part believes that the tragedy lies in the fact that an able, intelligent man, Alger Hiss, was cut short in the course of a brilliant public career. Some find it tragic that Whittaker Chambers, of his own will, gave up a $30,000-a-year job and a secure future to haunt for the rest of his days the ruins of his life. These are shocking facts, criminal facts, disturbing facts: they are not tragic.

Crime, violence, infamy are not tragedy. Tragedy occurs when a human soul awakes and seeks, in suffering and pain, to free itself from crime, violence, infamy, even at the cost of life. The struggle is the tragedy--not defeat or death. That is why the spectacle of tragedy has always filled men, not with despair, but with a sense of hope and exaltation. That is why this terrible book is also a book of hope For it is about the struggle of the human soul--of more than one human soul. It is in this sense that the Hiss Case is a tragedy. This is its meaning beyond the headlines, the revelations, the shame and suffering of the people involved. But this tragedy will have been for nothing unless men understand it rightly, and from it the world takes hope and heart to begin its own tragic struggle with the evil that besets it from within and from without, unless it faces the fact that the world, the whole world, is sick unto death and that, among other things, this Case has turned a finger of fierce light into the suddenly opened and reeking body of our time.

In 1952, when the book was published, we were only seven years removed from WWII, in which FDR and Churchill had allied the West to the Soviet Union in the fight against Nazism. The great service which Chambers provided in this book, in his journalism for TIME like the imaginative Ghosts on the Roof (1945), and in the Hiss Case, was--along with Winston Churchill in his Fulton, MO speech of 1946, declaring that "an iron curtain has descended across the Continent"--to force home the realization that the war against Communism, though "Cold," was just as much a "twilight struggle" as the war against Nazism had been. For the next four decades the West, basically the United States, would pursue this war with various levels of determination and fecklessness, and would eventually win it, thanks, appropriately, to Ronald Reagan, a near contemporary of Chambers, who had been inspired by him, as reflected in that Medal of Freedom.

The problem for us looking back at Chambers, and it may make readers scoff a little at the heated rhetoric of his prose in Witness, is that the West's victory looks inevitable to us now. Several powerful institutions--like the media, the Democratic Party, and the academy--have a vested interest in portraying the Cold War as a battle in which everyone pitched in to help defeat an enemy which pretty much self-destructed anyway. The memory of the fierce opposition of the Left to the confrontation with the Soviet Union is being gradually erased from the historic memory, and along with it the acknowledgment that as late as the mid-1980's, mainstream intellectuals considered Communism to be a viable alternative to de

Rating:
Summary: correction to reader review titled "psychotic masterpiece"--
Review: Quick correction to several misstatements in previous reader review titled "psychotic masterpiece": 1. Hiss was guilty. See book titled "Venona," by Haynes and Klehr. 2. Chambers was an editor for Time magazine, not Life. 3. Chambers was neither pychotic nor delusional, but a lucid and intelligent man whose testimony is well documented. See corroborating biography of Chambers by Sam Tanenhaus; and "Perjury" by Allan Weinstein --neither book written by right-wing idealogues.

Rating:
Summary: Eloquent and Piercing
Review: Rarely in literature does a novel impact its readers so deeply. In both prefaces, one written by William F. Buckley, jr, the other Robert Novak, the authors claim that Whittaker Chambers' autobiography changed their lives. This sentiment is shared by myself and surely thousands of others who have read it.

This book is difficult to categorize. It is an autobiography, an historical account, a religious tome, a political science examination, a thriller, and much more. The novel accounts Chambers' life as a Communist, working in the underground sector which infiltrated the U.S. government, and his eventual break with the Communists to live in fear, only to one day be the chief witness against his friend and former comrade, Alger Hiss. This trial still draws great emotions today, though it is difficult to doubt Hiss' guilt after reading this.

The book's title, however, does not simply refer to the trial itself. As Chambers explains in his introduction, he was witness to two opposite faiths; Communism and Christianity. It is Chambers' account of his experiences in these faiths which is the true draw of this book. The story is enthralling and beautifully written (Chambers writes better than any author with whom I have come in contact), but Chambers' explanation of what caused him to switch faiths and what it means to be a part of each is the most captivating aspect.

The length of the book (over 800 pages) is welcome once the first pages are read. The account of his life, though not perfectly chronological, is written in a very organized and well-thought out manner. I cannot recommend this book enough. Although Conservatives will likely be more drawn to Chambers' words, the impact of his experiences should be shared by all. I will read it many times in my life, but it would be best that all Americans read it at least once.

Rating:
Summary: Eloquent and Piercing
Review: Rarely in literature does a novel impact its readers so deeply. In both prefaces, one written by George Will, the other Robert Novak, the authors claim that Whittaker Chambers' autobiography changed their lives. This sentiment is shared by myself and surely thousands of others who have read it.

This book is difficult to categorize. It is an autobiography, an historical account, a religious tome, a political science examination, a thriller, and much more. The novel accounts Chambers' life as a Communist, working in the underground sector which infiltrated the U.S. government, and his eventual break with the Communists to live in fear, only to one day be the chief witness against his friend and former comrade, Alger Hiss. This trial still draws great emotions today, though it is difficult to doubt Hiss' guilt after reading this.

The book's title, however, does not simply refer to the trial itself. As Chambers explains in his introduction, he was witness to two opposite faiths; Communism and Christianity. It is Chambers' account of his experiences in these faiths which is the true draw of this book. The story is enthralling and beautifully written (Chambers writes better than any author with whom I have come in contact), but Chambers' explanation of what caused him to switch faiths and what it means to be a part of each is the most captivating aspect.

The length of the book (over 800 pages) is welcome once the first pages are read. The account of his life, though not perfectly chronological, is written in a very organized and well-thought out manner. I cannot recommend this book enough. Although Conservatives will likely be more drawn to Chambers' words, the impact of his experiences should be shared by all. I will read it many times in my life, but it would be best that all Americans read it at least once.

Rating:
Summary: Eloquent and Piercing
Review: Rarely in literature does a novel impact its readers so deeply. In both prefaces, one written by William F. Buckley, jr, the other Robert Novak, the authors claim that Whittaker Chambers' autobiography changed their lives. This sentiment is shared by myself and surely thousands of others who have read it.

This book is difficult to categorize. It is an autobiography, an historical account, a religious tome, a political science examination, a thriller, and much more. The novel accounts Chambers' life as a Communist, working in the underground sector which infiltrated the U.S. government, and his eventual break with the Communists to live in fear, only to one day be the chief witness against his friend and former comrade, Alger Hiss. This trial still draws great emotions today, though it is difficult to doubt Hiss' guilt after reading this.

The book's title, however, does not simply refer to the trial itself. As Chambers explains in his introduction, he was witness to two opposite faiths; Communism and Christianity. It is Chambers' account of his experiences in these faiths which is the true draw of this book. The story is enthralling and beautifully written (Chambers writes better than any author with whom I have come in contact), but Chambers' explanation of what caused him to switch faiths and what it means to be a part of each is the most captivating aspect.

The length of the book (over 800 pages) is welcome once the first pages are read. The account of his life, though not perfectly chronological, is written in a very organized and well-thought out manner. I cannot recommend this book enough. Although Conservatives will likely be more drawn to Chambers' words, the impact of his experiences should be shared by all. I will read it many times in my life, but it would be best that all Americans read it at least once.